![]() Initially the films were shipped physically, but digital all-electronic distribution has eliminated physical media shipments. With no moving parts except fans (and imaging devices), digital projectors are relatively compact, have no film rolls that will tear or show scratches (thus no need to change the reel mid-screening) and content distribution is far simpler. Digital projectors offer a number of advantages over the traditional film projectors, and the digitalization of modern cinema was inevitable. These analog movie projectors continued to evolve all the way into late 2000, where they were gradually replaced by digital cinema projectors. At the Paris Expo, films by the Lumière Brothers were projected onto a large screen measuring 16 by 21 meters. The brothers’ first film Sortie de l'usine Lumière de Lyon, was shot in 1894, and publicly screened in 1895. This was a film camera, projector and printer in one. To create motion, the Zoopraxiscope rapidly projected images from rotating glass disks.īut it was the Lumière brothers who invented the first really successful movie projector based on the work of the French inventor Léon Bouly: the cinematograph. The first movie projector was the Zoopraxiscope, by the pioneering British photographer Eadweard Muybridge in 1879 (not a typo but the original Anglo-Saxon form of Edward!). This allowed him to create a clear projected image for audiences in the Philadelphia Opera House, seating capacity a whopping 3,500. To achieve this, he employed an oxyhydrogen lamp placed close to the projection device. In 1872, the concept was expanded by Henry Morton who used an opaque projector to create projection for larger audiences. Mirrors, prisms and imaging lenses are used to focus the image created by the material onto a viewing screen. ![]() An episcope is a projection system that uses opaque materials to create the projected image, by shining a bright lamp onto the object from above. The episcope was invented by the Swiss mathematician, astronomer and engineer Leonhard Euler around 1756. The light sources used at this time were candles and oil lamps, which of course significantly limited the light output of such a projection device.įast-forward a few hundred years and this projection technology was superseded by a much more compact version: the 35 mm slide projector, with a vastly improved illumination source. ![]() Initially, to protect the paint a transparent lacquer was applied, while later versions used cover glass for protection. To create the projection, glass was painted, with black paint used to block light that was not intended for projection. On this document he wrote "for representations by means of convex glasses with the lamp" (translated from French). The oldest documentation of the magic lantern is dated 1659 by Christiaan Huygens, and consists of ten small sketches of a skeleton taking off its skull. The Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens is generally recognised as the true inventor of the magic lantern, a forerunner of the traditional (slide-based) image projector. Optical components used then, such as lenses and prisms, are still part of modern projection systems. While very rudimentary projection principles such as the camera obscura have been in use for thousands of years, we have to move to the early 1600s and beyond, when both the telescope and microscope were documented, before we see technological inventions that also have a major impact on today’s projection systems. The magic lantern can be seen as a development of the camera obscura. Written information about the camera obscura principle (often referred to as "pinhole image") dates as far back as the fourth century BC in scripts attributed to the Chinese philosopher Mozi. ![]() Hardware and software innovations in the late 80s and 90s gave momentum to the development of modern, digital, high-brightness projection systems.īut let’s jump back a few centuries to where it all started… Camera Obscura. The history of both analog and digital projection has been heavily influenced by the development of computers. Digital projection (high-end lenses, optics and illumination sources).Very early projection systems (pre-lens projection systems).Roughly we can divide the history of projection into the following eras: Did you know that the history of projection reaches all the way back to camera obscura and magic lanterns, but that it was the development of optics in the late 16th and early 17th century that made a major impact on projection as we know it today?
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